结直肠癌(CRC)作为当下严重的健康问题,在一众癌症中具有高发病率和致死率,究其原因,肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制机制是推动肿瘤进展的重要因素,其中髓源性抑制细胞(MDSCs)和转化生长因子β-1 (TGF-β1)在此过程中发挥着关键作用。MDSCs是一群具有异质性的未成熟髓系细胞,在结直肠癌患者的癌巢及外周血中显著扩增,参与肿瘤的免疫逃逸与转移过程。研究表明,MDSCs在肿瘤微环境中不仅支持癌细胞的生存,还可以通过分泌TGF-β1等免疫抑制因子,重塑免疫微环境,削弱机体的抗肿瘤免疫反应。此外,TGF-β1通过促进MDSCs的生成和功能,形成一种“恶性正反馈”,进一步加剧肿瘤的免疫逃逸。针对MDSCs和TGF-β1的治疗策略已显示出抑制肿瘤进展的潜力,并在临床研究中取得了一定成效。本文旨在总结MDSCs在结直肠癌中作用机制及TGF-β1的关键功能,概述针对MDSCs与TGF-β1的靶向治疗策略,以期为结直肠癌的防治提供新的思路和方向。这些研究为改善患者的免疫状态和提高治疗效果提供了重要参考,为进一步的临床应用铺平了道路。Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem that is characterized by high morbidity and lethality. The immunosuppressive mechanism in the tumor microenvironment is an important factor driving tumor progression. In this process, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) play key roles. Growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) plays a pivotal role in this process. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells that are significantly expanded in the cancer nests and peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. These cells are involved in the process of immune escape and metastasis of tumors. Research has demonstrated that MDSCs not only support the survival of cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, but also remodel the immune microenvironment and diminish the body’s anti-tumor imm
