An adaptive notch filter is presented to estimate the fundamental frequency and measure both harmonics and interharmonics of an almost periodic signal with unknown time-variant fundamental frequency, which has the ro- bustness that the convergence speed is determined by neither amplitude nor frequency of fundamental component. The algorithm forms a one-dimensional slow adaptive integral manifold whose existence and stability are proved by averaging method and Lyapunov stability theorem. The local exponential stability and the ultimate boundedness of fundamental fre- quency estimation are proved. The local exponential stability makes sure that the fundamental frequency, the harmonic and interharmonic components can be all fast tracked. The principle for adjusting the parameters with their influences on tran- sient and steady-state performance is investigated and decreasing parameters can improve noise characteristic. The validity is verified by simulation results.
