本研究探讨了制造商通过直销渠道销售产品(制造商入侵)对供应链的影响。相较于零售商竞争,供应商入侵现象研究较少。现有研究表明,在信息对称的供应链中,制造商入侵可缓解双重边际化效应,实现共赢。本文在制造商入侵框架下引入信息不对称因素,分析政府补贴、市场规模信息差异及制造商的可持续努力对供应链的影响。研究发现,在信息不对称情况下,制造商试图通过零售商订单推断市场规模,而零售商可能为私利调整订单,引发策略性博弈,降低供应链效率。特别是零售商为低类型时,可能通过扭曲订单量传递信号,加剧双重边际化。此外,研究发现直销效率并非越高越好,政府补贴也不一定能激励零售商增加订单量。本研究为理解制造商入侵在信息不对称供应链中的影响提供了新的视角。This study investigates the impact of manufacturers selling products directly to consumers through direct channels, a phenomenon known as “manufacturer encroachment”. Compared to the competition among retailers, the phenomenon of supplier encroachment has received relatively less attention. Existing research indicates that under symmetric information structures in supply chains, manufacturer encroachment can alleviate double marginalization effects, leading to a win-win situation. Building on the theoretical framework of manufacturer encroachment and introducing asymmetric information, this paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies, differences in market size information, and the manufacturer’s sustainable efforts on the supply chain. Research has found that in situations of information asymmetry, manufacturers attempt to infer market size through retailer orders, while retailers may adjust orders for personal gain, triggering strategic games and reducing supply chain efficiency. Especially when retailers are of low type, they may distort order volume to transmit signals and exacerbate double marginal
本文首先建立了一个基于集群溢出的静态Cournot-Bertrand博弈模型。对于这个博弈,本文在异质预期的假定下提出了一个具有非对称信息的非线性动力学模型。并且在此基础上,探讨了Nash均衡点的局部稳定性。通过数值仿真,本文分析了集群溢出系数和外推精度对系统稳定性的影响,并且得到了以下结论。一方面,适当的集群溢出有利于系统的稳定性,但过多的集群溢出会导致系统陷入混沌。另一方面,信息不对称对系统稳定性的影响依赖于产品可替代率。当产品可替代率较小时,在此博弈中处于优势地位的公司掌握的有效信息越多越不利于系统的稳定性,但当产品可替代率较大时,信息越准确,系统的稳定性越强。This paper firstly constructs a static Cournot-Bertrand game based on cluster spillovers. Through the first-order optimality conditions, the Nash equilibrium is acquired. For such a game, a nonlinear dynamics with information asymmetry is established. Then we investigate the local stability of the Nash equilibrium. Through numerical simulation, this paper analyzes the influence of spillover coefficient and extrapolation accuracy on the stability of the system, and obtains the following conclsions. On the one hand, appropriate cluster spillover is conducive to the stability of the system, but too much cluster spillover will lead to chaos. On the other hand, the impact of information asymmetry on system stability depends on the product substitutability. Under the small product substitution rate, the more effective information the company has, the more unfavorable it is to the system stability. However, as the product substitution rate is large, the more accurate the information is, the stronger the system stability is.
