Due to differences in morphology, ecology and biology, the phylogenesis of Coniferopsida and Taxaceae remains controversial, and the phylogenetic relationship of Pseudotaxus is yet to be confirmed. Three rDNA regions, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2, were prepared for 77 species belonging to seven families of Coniferopsida, including Taxaceae. Maximum parsimony(MP)and Neighbor-joining(NJ) analyses were performed. Results showed that:(1) the Coniferopsida species formed three branches:(Taxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae),(Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae), and(Pinaceae);(2) Taxaceae included Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Amentotaxus, and Torreya; and(3) Pseudotaxus belonged to Taxaceae, with a support rate of 97%in MP analyses and 99% in NJ analyses.
Streptococcus iniae has been detected in several regions in Indonesia, such as Bali, Jambi and Papua. Outbreak of meningoencephalitis and septicemia was still often found in Papua. The aim of study was to compare phenotype, genotype and histopathology of S. iniae from Papua. Bacteria was identified using morphological and biochemical tests. It was also extracted, amplified and sequenced to see genotypic characters. The primer used were 5＇-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCT-3＇ （24F） and 5＇-AAGGGAGGTGATCCAGCCGCA-3＇ （1540R） in 16S rRNA region. Result of sequencing was analyzed by the neighbor joining and maximum parsimony methods. The identification result of isolate from Papua was S. iniae. The amplification result was a sharp band--l,500 bp band in 16S rRNA region. The phylogenetic tree showed that isolate from Papua was closely related to S. iniae strains CMS005 from Guangxi China. Bacterial clumps of S. iniae was firstly found in the blood vessel of liver at the 3rd day after infection and then caused the inflammation to spleen, heart, brain, kidney and gut at the 7th day post infection.
Pseudomonas stutzeri caused an outbreak of freshwater fish in Luwuk Banggai （tilapia and catfish）, Bali （tilapia）, Jambi （tilapia and catfish） and Tanjung Pinang （catfish）. The study was purposed to comprehensively identify special phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of P. stutzeri isolated from several areas in Indonesia, including its morphometric and biochemical characteristics and molecular variation. Bacteria were isolated from internal organs （kidney, ulcer and eye） of fish. They were then identified using morphology and biochemical test. DNA isolates were entirely extracted, amplified and reversed on 16S rRNA region, and further then were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees of bacteria were constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. The colony were similar, such as rod shape （Jambi, Tanjung Pinang, Bali）, bacil shape （Luwuk Banggai）, transparant in tryptic soy agar （TSA） （Luwuk Banggai）, creamy beige in glutamate starch phenol red （GSP） （Bali）, gram negative, motile, no reaction in the oxidative-fermentative test, positive result in catalase and oxidase test, negative in lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase test and positive result in indole test; gelatin was degraded （only Bali）, urea was not degraded, no color change in Methyl-red and Voges-proskaeur （MR-VP） test; acid not produce from glucose, inositol or sucrose. Citrate was utilized by some isolates： positive （Jambi, Tanjung Pinang） and negative （Bali, Luwuk Banggai）. Results showed us that isolates of Jambi, Bali and Tanjung Pinang were monophyletic species with P. stutzeri $8 and ZH-1 comparing to gen bank. However, merely phenotypic analysis among Pseudomonas sp. was confused compared to each other.
Woro Nur Endang SariatiKurniasihSurya AmanuRini Widayanti
