性别角色是指社会对男性和女性在行为、角色和责任方面的期望与要求。本研究系统阐述了中国大学生性别角色的发展变化及其与心理健康的关系,并探讨了父母教养方式、父亲在位情况和家庭结构等家庭因素与个体性别角色的关系。研究发现,近二十年以来,国内大学群体中双性化和未分化的比例增多,单性别人数相对减少。在性别角色与心理健康的关系上,双性化群体的心理健康水平最高,未分化群体最差。在家庭教养方式上,民主型家庭教养方式有助于双性化角色的发展,而专制型和溺爱型教养方式则可能导致未分化的性别角色。在父亲在位上,父亲对子女成长和心理教育参与水平越高,其子女形成双性化性别角色类型的概率越高。家庭结构对子女的性别角色形成也有显著影响,单亲家庭中的子女更多地表现出性别角色异性化,而非单亲家庭的子女更容易形成未分化的性别角色类型。关于独生家庭对子女性别角色的影响尚未有统一结论,有待进一步研究。最后,文章讨论了中国大学生性别角色比例发展变化的原因,并从性别角色类型与心理健康相关关系的作用路径、家庭因素影响个体性别角色的内在机制等方面进行了展望,且就家校共育的角度提出了针对性教育建议。Gender roles refer to social expectations and requirements for males and females regarding their behavior, roles, and responsibilities. This study systematically expounds on the development and changes in gender roles among university students in China and their relationship with mental health, and explores the relationship between family factors such as parenting styles, the presence of a father, and family structure, and individual gender roles. The study finds that over the past two decades, the proportion of androgynous and undifferentiated roles among the college population has increased, while the number of single-gender ro
通过调查海南省2107名小学生的心理健康状况,分析了家庭因素对小学生心理健康的影响。结果发现,海南省小学生中有1项及以上心理与行为障碍的被试占总体的35.55%,检出率较高。同时,小学生的心理健康水平在不同兄弟姐妹排行、父母职业类型和父母文化程度上均有显著的统计学差异。独生子女、父亲博士学历、母亲为小学学历、父亲无工作、母亲务农的孩子心理健康问题较大。By investigating the mental health status of 2107 primary school students in Hainan Province, the study analyzed the impact of family factors on the mental health of primary school students. The results revealed that 35.55% of the total primary school students in Hainan Province exhibited one or more mental and behavioral disorders, with a relatively high detection rate. Additionally, there were significant statistical differences in the mental health levels of primary school students based on sibling ranking, parents’ occupation types, and parents’ educational levels. Children who are only children, have a father with a doctoral degree, a mother with only a primary school education, an unemployed father, or a mother engaged in farming tend to have more significant mental health issues.
