目的:调查家庭劳动教育对幼儿生活自理能力的影响,并探究幼儿参与家务劳动的中介作用,为开展幼儿生活自理能力培养提供参考。方法:采用方便取样方法,于2023年5~6月在重庆市某区抽取1894名3~6岁幼儿的家长完成幼儿家庭劳动教育问卷、幼儿参与家务劳动量表和幼儿生活自理能力问卷。结果:幼儿生活自理能力为中等偏上水平。不同性别、年级、生源地、园所性质、父/母学历、家庭子女数的幼儿生活自理能力差异有统计学意义(T/F值分别为−0.541、191.776、3.577、5.097、2.686、2.676、−6.862,均P CI = 0.637~0.841),中介效应占总效应的49.43%。结论:家庭劳动教育既能直接提高幼儿生活自理能力,也能通过促进幼儿参与家务劳动进而提高其生活自理能力。家长应加强劳动教育、引导幼儿积极参与家务劳动,来有效提高幼儿生活自理能力。Objective: To investigate the influence of family labor education on preschool children’s self-care ability, and explore the mediating role of children’s participation in housework, so as to provide reference for the cultivation of children’s self-care ability. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 1894 parents of children aged 3~6 years old were selected from a district of Chongqing to complete questionnaires from May to June 2023. Results: Preschool children’s self-care ability was above the average level. There were statistically significant differences in children’s self-care ability among different genders, grades, places of origin, nature of kindergartens, parents’ educational background and number of children in family (T/F value were −0.541, 191.776, 3.577, 5.097, 2.686, 2.676, −6.862 respectively, both P CI = 0.637~0.841), and the mediating effect accounted for 49.43% of the total effect. Conclusion: Family labor education can not only improve preschool children’s self-care ability directly, but also improve their self-care ability by promoting childr
